糖心视频

B.A., Hampshire College

M.S., Pennsylvania State University

Ph.D., Karolinska Institute

Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Minnesota.

I have a broad background in neurophysiology and biomechanics and have extensive clinical and research expertise involving motor learning and development in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy. Our team has been studying hand motor control in healthy individuals and individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) for over 30 years. In a line of basic research funded by the National Science Foundation, we have been elucidating the nature of internal models underlying object manipulation by studying fingertip forces and positions during object manipulation.

In 1996 I founded the Center for Cerebral Palsy Research (). The Center consists of a unique team of scientists and clinicians, and is committed to improving the lives of children with CP through research and education, with an emphasis on understanding the mechanisms underlying motor disorders associated with CP, and developing evidence-based treatment approaches targeting these disorders. Our initial studies on grip force planning and modulation during object manipulation showed that children with CP 1) show improvements in grasping during development, and 2) benefit from extensive practice. Thus, hand function is not static, and is amenable to improvement.

Our first approach to providing extensive practice was modifying constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for children with CP. In 2001 we published the first study on modified CIMT in children with unilateral CP. Subsequently in a line of work supported by the National Institute of Health, we more broadly studied the efficacy of CIMT. We used CIMT as the basis for creating a highly structured and intensive form of bimanual therapy, Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy (HABIT), and have conducted several trials indicating efficacy in improving upper extremity function. Since 2002 more than 300 children with CP have participated in our hand treatment day camps. We subsequently collaborated with a team in Belgium to modify HABIT to target both the upper and lower extremity of children with unilateral and bilateral CP. We have been using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study the neuroplasticity associated with such intensive training and discovered that skill progression was a key ingredient to drive cortical plasticity, improve goal performance and movement coordination. Recent work has been using TMS and diffusor tensor imaging to study whether specific patterns of brain connectivity predict response to CIMT and HABIT, whether non-invasive brain stimulation enhances treatment efficacy and the role of sensory systems in hand function and recovery in children with CP.

Complete List of Published Work:

Select publications

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Sienko, SE, Buckon, C, Metelski, N, Carton de Tournai, A, Bleyenheuft, B, Brandao, M, Herard,

   GA, Gordon, AM, The impact of dosing schedule on the efficacy of Hand-Arm Bimanual

   Intensive Therapy Including the Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) in children with bilateral

   cerebral palsy. Neural Rehabilitation and Neural Repair (In Press). doi:

   10.1177/15459683261432091

DeLuca, SC, Ramey, SL, Darragh, AR, Conaway, M, Heathcock, JC, Lo, W, Gordon, AM,

   Trucks, MR, Wallace, D, Cabral, TI, on behalf of Baby CHAMP Study Group. (2026)

   Comparative Efficacy RCT of 3 Intensive Infant/Toddler Therapies for Unilateral Cerebral

   Palsy. Pediatrics Open Science 2(1):1–11.

Delfing, D, Chin, K, Rachwani, J, Friel, KM, Santamaria, V, Imms, C, Gordon, AM. (2026)

   Exploring engagement as a key ingredient in the efficacy of CIMT and HABIT interventions

   for children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Physical & Occupational Therapy In

   Pediatrics 46:400-417. doi: 10.1080/01942638.2025.2601537

Oliveira, R, Mancini, M, Figueiredo, P, Bueno, K, Gordon, AM, Brandão, M. (2026) Families'

   and therapists' experience of a telehealth programme for children and adolescents with cerebral

   palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 68:810- 

   819. DOI:

Santamaria, V, Rachwani, J, Irmen, M, Khatri, W, Stepchuk, J, Saussez, G, Bleyenheuft, Y,

   Gordon, AM, Woollacott, M. (2025) Responsiveness of the Seated Postural & Reaching

   Control Test in children with cerebral palsy: A preliminary study. Physical & Occupational

   Therapy in Pediatrics.  45:612-627. doi: 10.1080/01942638.2025.2498356.

Ullua-Marquez, J, Gutterman, J, Santello, M, Gordon, AM. (2025) Transfer of learned object

   manipulations between two- and five-digit grasps. Experimental Brain Research 243:77

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-025-07029-4

Herard, GA, Brandao, M, Gordon, AM. (2025) Bimanual coordination in children with bilateral

   cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics 45:68-

   83. Doi: 10.1080/01942638.2024.2376062

Oliveira, RHS, Mancini, MC, Figueiredo, PRP, Abrahão, LC, Reis, EA, Gordon, AM, Brandão,

   MB. (2025) Individualized telehealth home program improved functional goals of children and

   adolescents with cerebral palsy during the Covid-19 pandemic. Developmental Medicine &

   Child Neurology 67:382-391. doi:

Metelski, N, Gu, Y, Quinn, L, Friel, KM, Gordon, AM. (2024) Safety and efficacy of non-

   invasive brain stimulation for the upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy: A

   systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 66:573-597. doi:

   10.1111/dmcn.15720.

Delfing, D, Chin, K, Hentrich, L, Rachwani, J,  Friel, KM, Santamaria, V, Imms, C, Gordon,

   AM. (2024) Assessing engagement in rehabilitation: Development, validity, reliability, and

   responsiveness to change of the rehabilitation observation measure of engagement (ROME).

   Disability and Rehabilitation 46:1888-1897.

Geijen, M, Bastiaenen, CHG, Gordon, A, Smeets, R, Rameckers, E. (2024) Exploring relevant

   parameters and investigating their reproducibility of task-oriented unimanual strength

   measurement in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation

   46:180-186. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2178677.

Bueno,SA, Mancini, MC, Airoldi, MJ, Vieirab, BS,  Oliveira, RHS, Gordon, AM, Brandão,MB.

   (2023) Bimanual hand use in children and adolescents with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: an

   exploratory study. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 27:100561. doi:

   10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100561.

Gutterman, J, Gordon, AM (2023) Neural correlates of impaired grasp function in children

   with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Brain Sciences. 13(7):1102. doi:

   10.3390/brainsci13071102

Santamaria, V, Ai, X, Chin, K, Dutkowsky, JP, Gordon, AM, Agrawal, SK (2023) Study

   protocol for a randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of an intensive seated

   postural intervention delivered with robotic and rigid trunk support systems. BMJ Open

   13(8):e073166. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073166.

Brauers, L, Smeets, R, Feys, P, Gordon, AM, Janssen-Potten, Y, Ortibus, E, Feys, H, Rameckers,

   E, Klingels, K (2023) Children with cerebral palsy show higher static—but not higher

   dynamic—motor fatigability in grip and pinch tasks than children with typical

   development do. Physical Therapy 103: doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzac155

Kuo, H-C, Ferre, CL, Chin, K, Friel, KM, Gordon, AM. (2023) Mirror movements and brain

   pathology in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study. Developmental

   Medicine and Child Neurology 65:264-273. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15322.

Malandraki, GA, Kantarcigil, C, Craig, B, Zhang, Y, Gordon, AM (2023). Day-to-day

   variability of clinical feeding and swallowing performance in school-age self-feeding children

   with cerebral palsy. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 32:190-200. doi:

   10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00137

Brandão, MB, Coster, WJ, Figueiredo, PRP, Amaral, MF, Gordon, AM, Mancini, MC (2023)

  Assisting hand use and self-care bimanual performance of children with unilateral spastic

  cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology Mar;65(3):385-392. doi:

  10.1111/dmcn.15362.

Araneda R, Ebner-Karestinos, D, Dricot, Hatem, SM, Friel KM, Gordon, AM, Bleyenheuft, .

   (2022) Impact of early brain lesions on the optic radiations in children with cerebral palsy.

   Frontiers In Neuroscience 16:924938, doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.924938.

Brauers L, Smeets R, Feys P, Gordon AM, Leij-Roelofsen B, Bastiaenen C, Rameckers E,

   Klingels K. (2022) Test-Retest Reliability of a Static and Dynamic Motor Fatigability Protocol

   Using grip and pinch strength in children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy

   102(10):pzac088. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzac088.

Lee-Miller, T, Gutterman, J, Chang, J, Gordon, AM. (2022) Action observation facilitates

   anticipatory control of grasp for object mass but not weight distribution. Neuroscience Letters

   775, 136549. Doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136549.

Gordon, AM, Ferre, CL, Robert, MT, Chin, Chin, Brandao, M, Friel, KM. (2022) HABIT +

   tDCS: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the synergistic

   efficacy of Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) plus targeted non-invasive brain

   stimulation to improve upper extremity function in school-age children with unilateral cerebral

   palsy. BMJ Open 2022;0:e052409. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052409.

Gutterman, J, Lee-Miller, T, Friel, KM, Dimitropoulou, K, Gordon, AM. (2021) Anticipatory

   Motor Planning and Control of Grasp in Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Brain

   Sciences 11, 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091161

Martinie, O, Mercier, C, Gordon, AM, Robert, MT.(2021)
   Upper Limb Motor Planning in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. Brain

   Sciences 12;11:920. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11070920.

Friel, KM, Ferre,  CL, Brandao, MB, Kuo, K-C, Chin, K, Hung, Y-C, Robert, MT, Flamand, V,

   Smorenburg, A, Bleyenheuft, Y, Carmel, JB, Campos, T, Gordon, AM (2021). Improvements

   in upper extremity function following intensive training are independent of corticospinal tract

   organization in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: A randomized clinical trial.

   Frontiers in Neurology 12:660780. doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.660780.

Sidiropoulos, A, Magill, R, Gordon, A (2021) Coordination of the upper and lower

   extremities during walking in children with cerebral palsy. Gait & Posture 86: 251-255. doi:

   10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.028

Lee, T, Santello, M, Gordon, AM. (2021) Transfer and generalization of learned manipulation

   between unimanual and bimanual tasks. Scientific Reports 11(1):8688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-

   021-87988-0.

Robert, MT, Gutterman, J, Ferre, CL, Chin, K, Brandao, MB , Gordon, AM, Friel, K (2021)

   Corpus callosum integrity relates to improvement of upper extremity function following

   intensive rehabilitation in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Neural Rehabilitation

   and Neural Repair 35(6):534-544. doi: 10.1177/15459683211011220.

Robert, MT, Ferre, CL, Chin, KY, Brandao, MB, Carmel, J, Araneda, R, Bleyenheuft, Y Friel,

   K, Gordon, AM. (2021) Intensive bimanual intervention for children who have undergone

   hemispherectomy surgery: A pilot study. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 33:120–127.  DOI:

Morgan, C, Fetters, L, Adde, L, Badawi, N, Bancale, A, Boyd, RN, Chorna, O, Cioni, G,

   Damiano, D, Darrah, J, de Vries, L, Dusing, S, Einspieler, C, Eliasson, A-C, Ferriero, D,

   Fehlings, D, Forssberg, H, Gordon, AM, Greaves, S, Guzzetta, A, Hadders-Algra, M,

   Harbourne, R, Karlsson, P, Krumlinde-Sundholm, L, Latal, B, Loughran-Fowlds, A, Mak, C,

   Maitre, N, McIntyre, S, Mei, C, Morgan, A, Kakooza Mwesige, A, Romeo, D, Sanchez, K,

   Spittle, A, Shepherd, R, Thornton, M, Valentine, J, Ward, R, Whittingham, K, Zamany, A,

   Novak, I. (2021) International clinical guideline: early intervention for infants with or at high

   risk of cerebral palsy aged 0-2 years. JAMA Pediatrics 175(8):846-858. doi:

  10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0878.

Feitosa, AM, Mancini, MC Machado Silvério, AP, Gordon, AM, de Brito Brandão, M. (2021)

   “Help me to improve my own priorities!”: a feasibility study of an individualized intensive

   goal training for adolescents with cerebral palsy. Physical & Occupational Therapy in

   Pediatrics 41:601-619. doi: 10.1080/01942638.2021.1891186.

Araneda, R, Dricot, L, Ebner-Karestinos, D, Paradis, J, Gordon, AM, Friel, KM,

   Bleyenheuft, Y. (2021) Brain activation changes following motor training in children with

   unilateral cerebral palsy: an fMRI study. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine

   643:3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101502

Sidiropoulos, A, Santamaria, C, Gordon, AM (2021) Continuous inter-limb coordination deficits

   in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Clinical Biomechanics 81:105250. doi:

   10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105250.